DHA Junior Liquid

• Omega-3 Dietary Supplement for Children 2 Years & Up
• Supports Brain Development, Visual & Nervous System Function

Nordic Naturals DHA Junior is a small, strawberry flavoured children's DHA supplement. DHA Junior is a delicious way for children to get this essential "brain food" into their diet. Molecularly distilled for purity, DHA Junior contains naturally occurring vitamins A & D. The only formula with natural A & D vitamins, no synthetic vitamins added back into formula.

Nutrient Support
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in Deep-Sea cold water fish. DHA, is an essential nutrient for proper brain, visual and nervous system function, and must be obtained through the diet.A healthy balance of DHA is "essential" to properly care for the brain throughout life, particularly during the early stages of development.
A high concentration of DHA can be found in mother?s breast milk, however the level is directly related to the amount of Omega-3 fatty acids that are consumed in the mother?s diet. Due to refined foods and trendy diets, many individuals have reduced their intake of the dietary sources of Omega-3 fatty acids, contributing to lower levels of DHA in breast milk.
The impact of low DHA intake on neurological function of adults and children is the subject of ongoing clinical investigations.

Serving Size: 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml)
Servings Per Container: 48

Active Ingredients:

• Calories 23
• Calories from fat 23
• Total Fat 2.5 g
• Saturated fat 0.5 g
• Trans fat 0 g
• Cholesterol 7 mg
• Vitamin A 500-1000 IU
• Vitamin D 1-10 IU
• Vitamin E (mixed tocopherols) 2.5 IU
• Omega-3s
  DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) 313 mg
  EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) 205 mg
  Other Omega-3S 113 mg
  Total Omega-3s 631 mg
• Oleic acid (Omega-9) 300 mg

Inactive Ingredients: Purified arctic cod liver oil, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol in sesame oil), d-alpha tocopherol, natural strawberry flavor, rosemary extract. No gluten, yeast, milk derivatives, artificial colors or flavors.

Recommended Dosage:
One-half to one teaspoon daily, or as directed by your health care professional or pharmacist.

Refrigerate after opening.
Gently shake before serving.
Best if used within 3 months after opening.
Do not take if tamper evident seal is broken or missing.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Warning:
Consult with your physician before using this product if you are pregnant, diabetic, allergic to iodine, using blood thinners, or anticipate surgery.

No gluten, yeast, milk derivatives, artificial colors or flavors.

Omega-3 fatty acids from fish support children's focus, mood, learning, and positive behavior.* This product contains only naturally occurring vitamins A and D.

All Nordic Naturals products surpass all national and international pharmaceutical standards for freshness and purity, and are free from heavy metals, dioxins, and PCBs. Every batch is third party tested to guarantee exceptional freshness and purity levels.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Read customer questions and answers about Omega-3 on our blog.

DHA FOR CHILDREN?

DHA Basics: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 essential fatty acid. Omega-3 fats (along with omega-6 fats) are "essential" fats because humans are unable to synthesize them de novo, meaning that they must be consumed to meet the body?s needs. DHA is found throughout the body, and the brain in particular is very rich in DHA, where it increases membrane fluidity, promotes neurite (axonal and dendritic) outgrowth, and has many other functions.

Importance for Visual and Cognitive Development: Proper nutrition with DHA may be especially important for infants and children because of its importance to the development of the visual and nervous systems. DHA seems likely to promote visual acuity and cognitive development in infants (Uauy, et al 2001). In fact, a recent study demonstrated that children whose mothers had taken 10 mL/day of cod liver oil during pregnancy and lactation had higher IQ?s at age four than those whose mothers had taken corn oil (Helland, et al 2003).

Impact on Learning and Behavior: Although the picture becomes progressively more complex with age, omega-3 fatty acids appear to be important for learning and behavior in older children. One study found that boys ages 6 to 12 with low levels of omega-3 fatty acids had a greater number of behavior problems, temper tantrums, sleep problems, and learning problems than their peers (Stevens, et al 1996). These findings correspond with a number of studies demonstrating that DHA supplementation reduces elevations in aggression (Hamazaki, et al 1999; Hamazaki, et al 1996) and hostility (Hamazaki, et al 2000) in response to psychological stress among Japanese college students.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation: Fortunately, dietary DHA supplementation has been shown to normalize brain fatty acids in omega-3 deficient animals (Connor, et al 1990; Gamoh, et al 1999) as well as to ameliorate the learning deficits induced by omega-3 insufficiencies (Carrie, et al 2002; Gamoh, et al 1999; Takeuchi, et al 2002). All of these intervention studies used either DHA or fish oil, as opposed to the shorter chain omega-3 fat alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as from flaxseed oil. Most studies indicate that even with very high doses of ALA, very little actually converts to DHA (Brenna, 2002; Gerster, 1998), suggesting that it is unlikely that supplementation with ALA would have the clinical impact that fish oil supplementation has been shown to possess.

Potential Benefits for Specific Disorders:Although the literature is far from conclusive, omega-3 fatty acids (especially DHA) may also have therapeutic value for ADHD (Burgess, et al 2000), autism (Vancassel, et al 2001), dyslexia (Richardson and Puri, 2002), and many other disorders that affect pediatric populations. In fact, Nordic Naturals products have been specifically recommended by different authors for use in managing pediatric cases of bipolar disorder (Papolos and Papolos, 1999), ADHD, dyslexia, and dyspraxia (Stordy, et al 2000).
Additional research is available at www.nordicnaturals.com

References:

1. Brenna JT. Efficiency of conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n-3 fatty acids in man. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Mar;5(2):127-32.
2. Burgess JR, Stevens L, Zhang W, Peck L. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):327S- 30S.
3. Carrie I, Smirnova M, Clement M, DE JD, Frances H, Bourre JM. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich phospholipid supplementation: effect on behavior, learning ability, and retinal function in control and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient old mice. Nutr Neurosci. 2002 Feb;5(1):43-52.
4. Connor WE, Neuringer M, Lin DS. Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition: the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes, and plasma of rhesus monkeys. J Lipid Res. 1990 Feb;31(2):237-47.
5. Gerster H. Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)? Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(3):159-73.
6. Gamoh S, Hashimoto M, Sugioka K, Shahdat Hossain M, Hata N, Misawa Y, Masumura S. Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid improves reference memory-related learning ability in young rats. Neuroscience. 1999;93(1):237-41.
7. Hamazaki T, Itomura M, Sawazaki S, Nagao Y. Anti-stress effects of DHA. Biofactors. 2000;13(1-4):41-5.
8. Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Itomura M, Asaoka E, Nagao Y, Nishimura N, Yazawa K, Kuwamori T, Kobayashi M. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in young adults. A placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Clin Invest. 1996 Feb 15;97(4):1129-33.
9. Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Nagasawa T, Nagao Y, Kanagawa Y, Yazawa K. Administration of docosahexaenoic acid influences behavior and plasma catecholamine levels at times of psychological stress. Lipids. 1999;34 Suppl:S33-7.
10. Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics. 2003 Jan;111(1):e39-44.
11. Papolos D, Papolos J (1999), The Bipolar Child: The definitive and reassuring guide to childhood?s most misunderstood disorder. New York: Broadway Books.
12. Richardson AJ, Puri BK. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children with specific learning difficulties. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;26(2):233-9.
13. Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Abate ML, Kuczek T, Burgess JR. Omega-3 fatty acids in boys with behavior, learning, and health problems. Physiol Behav. 1996 Apr-May;59(4-5):915-20.
14. Stordy JB, Nicholl MJ, Stordy J (2000). The LCP Solution: The remarkable nutritional treatment for ADHD, Dyslexia & Dyspraxia. New York: Ballantine Books.
15. Takeuchi T, Fukumoto Y, Harada E. Influence of a dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency on the cerebral catecholamine contents, EEG and learning ability in rat. Behav Brain Res. 2002 Apr 1;131(1-2):193-203.
16. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Peirano P, Birch DG, Birch EE. Essential fatty acids in visual and brain development. Lipids. 2001 Sep;36(9):885-95.
17. Vancassel S, Durand G, Barthelemy C, Lejeune B, Martineau J, Guilloteau D, Andres C,
18. Chalon S. Plasma fatty acid levels in autistic children. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2001 Jul;65(1):1-7.